Guteranto – Gutisks inuh biugains

You can download the PDF to the sketch here.

Guteranto is an a-posteriori conlang based on the Gothic language. The main trait is that a word form is supposed to be derivable regularly by its dictionary form. That includes the conflation and elision of several morphological and syntactical classes and forms. This happens in two fashions called registers: Guteranto 1.0 (GUT1) tries to keep the several noun or verb classes intact as independent categories, their morphosyntactic forms like case or personal conjugation, however, are eliminated. That would facilitate the learner to learn wordforms regularly but still by their independent classes, in case they want to dive into classical Gothic later on. Guteranto 2.0 (GUT2) conflates all those classes into one, reducing the number of morphological endings to a minimum, creating for example only one plural morpheme that does not account for original noun declension class, or not discriminating between verb classes at all.

This approach follows several aims. One is to maintain intelligibility with classical Gothic still, that might be slightly better with Guteranto 1.0, but it is to be seen whether Guteranto 2.0 still serves this aim just as well. This is of importance to a special niche of people that are trying to learn Gothic in modern times but find it difficult to master the rich diversity of morphological forms, especially when their native languages are not rich in morphosyntax. Guteranto may be an interim stage to familiarise oneself with the language. For those, Guteranto 1.0 may be the better choice to start with the different declension and conjugation classes right away. But Guteranto is supposed to be a conlang on its own right just as well. For those who appreciate the Gothic language very much but the complexity of it is an obstacle for them to learn it, this might be a good language to be still intelligible with people using classical Gothic and still participate in a newly emerging “Neogothic” online community. Guteranto can speed up this process of participation. It has to be pointed out, of course, that Guteranto claims no continuity of classical Gothic (CG) or that it has a historical connection to it. It is a creative way of using a language that is supposed to be very close to Gothic. That summarises the main maxim: Guteranto is as close to Gothic as possible but reduced in forms as much as needed.

For this project, two conlangs in particular have served as an inspiration. One is Esperanto based on which the name is partly derived: –eranto. The simplicity of the rules in order to form sentences is tried to be applied to Guteranto as well. The other one is Latino sine flexione, which is in the same way based on classical Latin as Guteranto is on Gothic, two morphologically very rich languages that are reduced to a minimum of forms that are supposed to be derived from the forms in a dictionary. This also facilitates the production of resources as the existing dictionaries and sources can be used.

General principles:

A morphological form, independent or affixal, should be unique in form. There should be no merger in form-function within one paradigm. The lengthening of vowels is not marked, it will not be phonemic. When that leads to homophones, they have to be interpreted by the context. Words should be taken from a classical dictionary, when their inner form contradicts that of Guteranto, it should be borrowed nonetheless, as Guteranto concerns at this stage only the dictionary work. This is a preliminary sketch, the language will be developed and expanded further in the future.

Table of Contents

Rule #1: Articles

Guteranto 1.0: The three genders are retained. There is no indefinite article. The definite articles are different for all genders and inflect for number. Their use is more comparable to today’s in West-European languages compared to classical Gothic where it was more deictic and demonstrative.

*Guteranto 1.0*	Singular	Plural
masculine	sa	þai
	sa fugls – the bird	þai fuglos – the birds
feminine	so	þos
	so giba – the gift	þos gibos – the gifts
neuter	þata	þo
	þata badi – the bed	þo badja – the beds

Guteranto 2.0: The three genders are not discriminated anymore. Only the originally masculine articles are used for singular and plural.[1] The usage of the article is the same as in Guteranto 1.0.

*Guteranto 2.0*	Singular	Plural
definite article	sa	þai
	sa akrs – the field sa aƕa – the river sa waurd – the word	þai akros – the fields þai aƕos – the rivers þai waurdos – the words

To both: In order to distinguish deictic meaning like ‘this’ or ‘that or ‘those’, you use the analytical construction with her ‘here’ and þar ‘there’ and jainar ‘over there’: sa baurgs her ‘this town’ and sa reiks þar ‘that ruler’ and þai akros jainar ‘those fields over there’.

[1] The decision is based on that the masculine nominative article sa appears three times as often as the feminine so on www.wulfila.be, shortly followed by the form þata, which however does not discriminate between nominative and accusative, the nominative usage will be less common than sa thus. This principle is kept throughout the language.

Rule #2: Nouns

The central point of orientation is the form as it is in the dictionary. The system of endings is designed to work with what a dictionary entry gives. In Latino sine flexione, this is the ablative or genitive form. But general dictionaries for Gothic do not give that form, they usually only deliver the genus, oftentimes the declension class and the nominative form is the citation form, with its nominative ending (if it has one). The declension class is mostly ignored here, as it is not always given, and it is not readily derivable from the knowledge of the word’s genus and form. In Guteranto only singular and plural are distinguished, there is no case system anymore. Case is expressed by prepositions if needed.

Guteranto 1.0: In this version of Guteranto, the attempt is to keep the declension classes as much intact as regularly possible, but in a passive way, even if they play no active role in the system. But this will facilitate the assignment of a word to a certain class later on, if a person wants to go further with their Gothic study and apply the real declension classes. The main principle here is the combination of genus plus noun form as in the dictionary. Some apparent endings are the same even though nouns would belong to a different genus. That poses a problem if the genus of a word is not known. The plural endings differ from noun, class and genus. In order to choose the right one, the combination of genus and form has to be known. Most of the singular+plural form pairs are the same as in classical Gothic, but this could not be realised for all of them, as some are irregular, some only have a few cases, other vary and for others, there was no symmetry, or forms would have syncretised, which is to be avoided. Within one genus, there is no single singular ending that would produce two different plural endings. Thus, a compromise had to be made between regularity and learnability, as well as constancy to classical Gothic.

The effort that has to be done by the learner is to learn the plural morpheme which is yielded by the combination of apparent form and genus. Many of these morpheme pairs are rather symmetrical however. The original ending of the nominative in the dictionary form has no special purpose or function anymore, only maybe to mark the singular. For simplicity’s sake, it is kept as in the dictionary, though. In the following list, you find all the necessary forms for singular and plural. The respective forms replace each other, meaning: If the plural form of –us is –jus, then you subtract the –us from the noun and add –jus.

*Guteranto 1.0*	masculine SG/PL		feminine SG/PL		neuter SG/PL
a-o-stem	-s, -ø	-os	-a	-os	-ø	-a
j-stem	-jis	-jos	-i	-jos	-i	-ja
n-stem	-a	-ans	-o	-ons	-o	-ona
u-stem	-us	-jus	-us	-jus	-u	-ø
s-stem			-s	-eis
ar-stem	-ar	-arjus	-ar	-arjus
s’-stem	-(nd)s’	-(nd)s’	-s’	-s’	(-s’)	(-s’)

The terms for the different stems are not related to the classification of historical Gothic stems. They are used here in order to show common traits within these classes. While this table still looks somewhat complex, it becomes easier the longer you compare the boxes. While a single noun may have a singular/dictionary ending that appears two or three times in the singular column, the information about the genus of the noun determines which plural ending it gets. This very often reflects the actual plural morpheme in the nominative in historical Gothic. (This does not imply that there are only as many as seven classes, there are more that are merged here, because only the behaviour of the plural morpheme is considered.)

Let’s compare some boxes, starting from easy to difficult:

The last stem class of s’-stems is easy in terms of that it does not distinguish between genus or number. Whenever a noun has an -s’ ending, it stays that way in the plural too. It goes back to the minor declension class of consontant stems, that has hardly any attested neuter nouns (thus the brackets). However, there is a difficulty here: You can only know that a dictionary form on -s is actually a s’-stem in Guteranto when you look at the declension class. This is the only case where this would be important. There are, however, only a handful of words, which is why this class is kept as the only declension class sensitive one. If you don’t know the declension class, proceed as if it would belong the respective genus class on -s.

The ar-stem is very easy as well. Whenever a word has -ar, it has the plural morpheme -arjus, you don’t have to know the genus for that, and it does not appear in the neuter.

In the u-stem class, you see that whenever a noun has the ending -us, it behaves the same in the plural and gets the ending –jus, it is the same for masculine and feminine nouns. The neuter ending –u belongs here, too, the knowledge of the genus suffices to know, that it has no overt plural ending. No other genus has a –u ending in the singular. Thus, all nouns ending in –u are neuter and behave this way

It is important to distinguish between genus with words that end on -s in the singular, they may be masculine (a-o-stem), in which case they get the ending –os in the plural, or they can be feminine (s-stem), where they get the ending -eins.

The nouns of the j-stem get an overt -j- at some place. The masculine ending –jis is unique to it and always has the plural –jos. If a noun ends in -i, you need to know the genus, feminine nouns turn it into -jos, like the masculine nouns, and neuter nouns turn it into -ja.

The n-stems all have an -n‑ in the plural. Masculine nouns end on -a here and have the plural ending ‑ans. Feminine nouns end on -o in the singular and -ons in the plural. Neuter nouns also end on -o and -ona in the plural.

The last class are the a-o-stems, they have only little symmetry but they are one of the biggest classes in Gothic. Masculine nouns have an -s in the singular and ‑os in the plural. Femine nouns on -a turn to -os and neuter nouns have no singular ending and get an ‑a in the plural. Pay attention that some masculine a-o-stems leave out the –s after an /r/. Just add the –os plural ending however. If the masculine stem ends in –s already, another –s is not added. Those cases are not easy to spot from the Guteranto point of view. In any case of doubt, add the –os plural ending to an –s if the deletion of the –s would leave a stem ending on a vowel or is odd looking.

A last thing to keep in mind – if the deletion of a consonant ending and the addition of an ending that starts on a vowel would put the -f- or -þ- of a noun stem between two vowels, they change into their voiced counterparts -b- and -d-.

You can also look at the table this way. There are endings as found in the dictionary form that are not sensitive to the genus, they behave the same and you can readily put them into the plural: –jis becomes –jos (masc), –us becomes –jus (masc, fem), –u becomes zero ending –ø (neut), –ar becomes –arjus (masc, fem), and –s’ stays the same in all genera. If you cannot discern an ending, it can be neuter and gets an –a. The singular endings -s, -a, -o, -i however are dependent on the genus.

Within one genus, there is never the same ending. However, some singular endings are not unique to their genus, they are thus genus sensitive and you need to know the genus of the noun. Then, you can always apply the correct plural morpheme by looking at the singular, nominative word form.

Nouns can form other words by combination, called composition. While this is rather complicated in classical Gothic and also not easily derivable from the above table, it is simplified. When you combine words like guest and bed, you substract the above singular ending and add the bridging vowel -a-. In this example, gasts and badi make gast-a-badi > gastabadi. If the first element is supposed to be in the plural, you simply keep the plural form: gastos+badi > gastosbadi.

In order to form a case, you simply use prepositions like English “to the guest” would be in the dative case in classical Gothic. This is further explained in the chapter about prepositions.

Guteranto 2.0: While the aim of Guteranto 1.0 was to keep the correlation between singular and plural endings as close to classical Gothic as possible, the principle behind Guteranto 2.0 is to ignore formal variety and simplify it as much as possible without regard to original classes. Here, the plural marking can be optional, if by context the plural meaning is secured, like when it is mentioned before in the sentence or appears after measure words or numbers. In this Guteranto register, all plural endings are conflated into –(j)os. Since Guteranto 2.0 is indiscriminative for genus, the chart of singular endings per genus above is too complicated to consider for substracting the right singular ending and then adding the plural endings. As neuter has no ending, it can be confused with -ar or others, which makes this unnecessarily complicated. The general template is different thus:

> Any –s (There is no -s’) at the end of a word is substracted. Then, the ending –os for plural is added.
> With the exception of the endings –us and –jis, that get replaced by –jos in the plural.
> If a word ends on a vowel, in the basic form or after substracting -s, the ending is -jos.

*Guteranto 2.0*	Singular	Plural
	noun ending in a consonant	-os
	stem ending in consonant (after substracting -s)	-os
	noun ending in a vowel	-jos
	stem ending in vowel (after substracting -s)
	words on –jis or –us replace it by

When you want to combine nouns into a composition, you can just use the singular form after substracting any -s (except for –jis or –us, keep them). If the first element is in plural, keep the regular plural ending.

Rule #3: Adjectives

Guteranto 1.0 and 2.0 behave the same in this. Adjectives don’t change their form according to genus or number when used with a noun. This is not necessary as it has no additional value. They do, however, always substract their endings. If an adjective ends on –s, –us, –jis or –eis, this is deleted and only the stem is used.

They should always appear after the noun. When they are used in comparative or superlative, this is formed analytically with mais – more for comparative and maist – most for superlative:

juggs (CG) > jugg (GUT1, GUT2) ‘young’ à mais jugg ‘younger’ and maist jugg ‘youngest’

Guteranto 1.0: hardus (CG) > hard ‘hard’ à þai bagmos maist jugg ‘the strongest trees’

Guteranto 2.0: alþeis (CG)> alþ ‘old’ à sa qino mais alþ ‘the older woman’

Rule #4: Numbers

Numbers are like adjectives invariant for genus or number (unlike classical Gothic) in both registers. They come before the noun, which would then stand in singular normally. The first twelve numbers have some irregularities that are kept intact in Guteranto because these are common numbers and the effort is not considered too high. Higher numbers, however, are regularised when they show iregularities. In the following are the first twelve numbers with their cardinal and their ordinal forms, like ‘the third’, that are mostly irregular, too. All other ordinal forms are regularly built by adding the ending –da.

*Guteranto*	cardinal number	ordinal number
1, first	ains	fruma
2, second	twai	anþar
3, third	þreis	þridja
4, fourth	fidwor	fidurþa
5, fifth	fimf	fimfta
6, sixth	saihs	saihsta
7, seventh	sibun	sibunda
8, eigth	ahtau	ahtuda
9, ninth	niun	niunda
10, tenth	taihun	taihunda
11, eleventh	ainlif	ainlifta
12, twelfth	twalif	twalifta
	…	-da

All other numbers are construed regularly. The numbers between 12 and 19 add –taihun to the basic number: saihstaihun ‘sixteen’. For the tenner-numbers, you add the word tigjus after the basic number: fimf tigjus ‘fifty’. (In classical Gothic, 70, 80 and 90 add –tehund to the number, you can use that here, too.) The number 100 is hund, the number 1,000 is þusundi, when used with higher numbers, they change to the plural forms hunda and þusundjos: fidwor hunda 400, ahtau þusundjos 8,000.

Compositional numbers are then ordered from highest to lowest: fimf þusundjos þreis hunda saihs tigjus jah fidwor 5,364. The last number is added by jah ‘and’.

Rule #5: Pronouns

Pronouns are the only instances where a case in the language is visible. Here, we only discern a subject from an object case. Accusative and dative are thus merged into a single case. Genitive is not an own case and expressed by a preposition (s. prepositions). The vocative is the same as the subject case.

The possessive forms have, just as the adjectives, lost the -s ending and they appear after the noun.

*Guteranto*	subject case	object case	possessive
I, me, my	ik	mik	mein
you, you, your	þu	þuk	þein
he, him, his	is	ina	sein
she, her, her	si	ija	sein
it, it, its	ita	ita	sein
we, us, our (Dual)	wit	ugkis	ugkar
you, you, your (Dual)	jut	igqis	igqar
we, us, our (Plural)	weis	unsis	unsar
you, your, your (Plural)	jus	izwis	izwar
they, them, their	eis	ins	ize

Classical Gothic is a pro-drop language, meaning it can leave out the subject pronoun since the conjugation ending marks the person. Guteranto is not so free in this usage. You should try to use the subject case pronoun in most cases as there is no conjugational endings anymore. Only in cases where the reference to the person is clear, you can leave it out.

Regel #6: Verben:

The word order of the verb can be rather free. In classical Gothic, it can appear in most places of the sentence without much change in the meaning. However, since Guteranto has no distinction in person on the verb, it can be hard to distinguish between subject and object when the verb stands somewhere else. When the meaning could be ambiguous, the verb should be at the end of the sentence, the objects go before it. In Yes/No questions, the verb more often goes to the front of the sentence.

Guteranto 1.0: This register distinguishes four verb classes, all based on their infinitive form. The third class of weak verbs couldn’t be reserved as it has the same apparent form in the infinitive as the strong verbs. The four verb classes end on -an, -jan, -on, -nan. They have different forms depending on use. Verbs do not distinguish individual persons, thus, I, you, he, they etc. all have the same conjugated form. You can build six different verb forms: infinitive, present tense, past tense, imperative, present participle, and past participle. Other verb forms are built analytically by auxiliaries.

*Guteranto 1.0*	infinitive	present tense		past tense		imperative	present participle	past participle
strong verbs	-an		-a	-ada	-ø		-and		-iþ
jan-verbs	-jan		-ja	-ida	-ei		-jand		-iþ
on-verbs	-on		-o	-oda	-o		-ond		-oþ
nan-verbs	-nan		-na	-noda	-n		-nand		-noþ

There is a regularity in this. Mostly, substracting the infinitive -n yields the basis for many other forms, especially the present tense (infinitive-minus-n), adding –nd to the present stem makes the present participle. Deleting the vowel before the infinitive –n, too, gives the imperative for strong and nan-verbs, with jan-verbs the /j/ changes into -i- in the past tense, imperative and past participle. The other forms aren’t as regular. (If the imperative of nan-stems is too hard to pronounce, the -n- can be left out, too.) These forms correlate mostly to the original classes in classical Gothic. The participles are also used as adjectives in both Guteranto and classical Gothic, that is why they have an -s at the end in classical Gothic but not here. There are no irregular verbs. Thus, briggan has the past participle briggiþ and not brahts, or brukjan has brukiþ and not bruhts. Depending on where you want to go with your Gothic/Guteranto personally, you can introduce more irregular forms for very common verbs like wisan ‘to be’ as ik im, weis sijum. But it works with a regular conjugation just as well: ik wisa, weis wisa.

*Guteranto 1.0* *examples*	infinitive	present tense		past tense		imperative	present participle	past participle
strong verbs	niman		nima	nimada	nim		nimand		nimiþ
jan-verbs	nasjan		nasja	nasida	nasi		nasjand		nasiþ
on-verbs	salbon		salbo	salboda	salbo		salbond		salboþ
nan-verbs	fullnan		fullna	fullnoda	full(n)		fullnand		fullnoþ

Guteranto 2.0: In this register, the verb paradigm is much more conflated to the same endings for all the classes. This is done by substracting the infinitive -n ending and the vowel before that. With two tweaks to the jan-stem where the residual -j- becomes an -i- in the imperative and the past participle you get the same behaviour to all the verbs. Here are the endings with examples.

*Guteranto 2.0* *with examples*	infinitive	present tense		past tense		imperative	present participle	past participle
endings	-an		-a	-ada	-ø		-and		-iþ
strong verbs	niman		nima	nimada	nim		nimand		nimiþ
jan-verbs	nasjan		nasja	nasjada	nasi		nasjand		nasiþ
on-verbs	salbon		salba	salbada	salb		salband		salbiþ
nan-verbs	fullnan		fullna	fullnada	full(n)		fullnand		fullniþ

The same is true here, that if the nan-stem is too hard to pronounce with the -n-, it can be left out, too. All verbs behave regularly, also the auxiliaries that are usually highly irregular in classical Gothic.

To both: With these auxiliaries, you can build all the other tenses and moods. The most common auxiliars are:

wairþan ‘to become’ for processual passive with the past participle, wisan ‘to be’ for statal passive, skulan and wiljan for the future tense with the infinitive, magan ‘to be able’ for optative, wisan for progressive with the present participle, haban ‘to have’ for obligative or duginnan ‘to beginn’ for starting an action. They can combine with the six inflectional forms of the verbs, also with changes to the tense of the auxiliar. The inflected verb stays after the participle.

Ik ita niman skula. – I will/shall take it. Ita taujan skuliþ wisada. – It should be done.

Is siggwand wisa. – He is singing. Si siggwand wisada. – She was singing.

Si weihan haba. – She has to fight. Jut bigitiþ wairþada. – You two have been found.

Rule #7: Adverbials

Many adverbials are fossilised forms that keep their shape, but there is a way to derive adverbials from adjectives. Adjectives have lost their –s, –us, –jis or –eis endings. If the remaining stem ends on a consonant, the adverbial ending is –aba, if it ends on a vowel, it is –ba. You can derive from classical Gothic ansteigs the Guteranto form ansteig and then the adverbial andsteigaba ‘in a gracious way’.

Rule #8: Prepositions

Prepositions come before the noun. The noun does not change as there is no case anymore. Pronouns, however, take the object case when they are used with a preposition. But there is no distinction between location and movement with certain prepositions. You can double the preposition if you want to stress the movement or the location with an adverb, but that is only rarely needed:

in sa hus innana ‘into the house’ in sa rum inna ‘within the room’

ut sa hus utana ‘out of the house ut sa rum uta ‘outside of the room’

Prepositions are also used instead of cases. The genitive can be expresses by the preposition af ‘of’, so boka af aiþei mein ‘my mother’s book’. The dative is expressed by du ‘to’, as in Ik apls du sa manna giba. ‘I give an apple to the man.’ An accusative construction is mostly not expressed by a preposition, the direct object appears in its basic form. When a personal pronoun is used in a dative or accusative way with a verb or elsewhere, you use the object case form: Ik igqis saiƕa ‘I see you two’. If you want to stress a dative sense in a sentence you can also use the preposition du with it: Ik Hails du ija qiþa. ‘I say Hello to her’.

*List of prepositions*	English	Guteranto
	af	from, of
	afar	after, according to
	alja	except, other than
	ana	on, upon
	and	along, through, towards
	at	at, by, to
	bi	by, about, around, around, against, according to
	du	to
	faur	for, before
	faura	before
	fram	from
	hindar	behind, beyond
	in	into, towards, in, among, because of
	inuh	without
	miþ	mit
	neƕa	near, nigh to
	þairh	through, by
	uf	under
	ufar	over, above
	und	until, up to, for
	undar, undaro	under
	us	out of
	wiþra	against

Rule #8: Negation

When you want to negate a verb, you put ni ‘not’ in front of it: Eis ni wisa goþ ‘They are not good.’

By this, you also negate pronouns, nouns and indefinites: ni ƕas or ni manna ‘nobody’ (lit. not who, no person), ni ains ‘nothing’ (lit. not one), ni aiws or ni ƕan ‘never’ (lit. not time, not when), ni ƕar ‘nowhere’ (lit. not where). Nouns are also negated by ni, as in Ik ni wato haba ‘I have no water.’

Rule #9: Clitics

Gothic uses a lot of clitics to words that express diverse things from negation, distance, emphasis, relativeness, etc. In Guteranto, only a little subset of those will be employed.

One of them is the relative marker -ei that is used if a pronoun is introducing a relative sentence. This becomes important in a sentence like: Ik sa manna saiƕa saei atneƕja. ‘I see the man who is approaching’ or ikei liuþ hausjo/hausja ‘I who hears a song’. It can be attached to the articles, to personal pronouns, to question pronouns etc.

Another clitic is -u- that is used for Yes/No questions. It normally goes at the end of the first word of the question sentence. This is often the verb, which can stand very freely. If the verb consists of a prefix and stem, it goes between them: And-u-waurdja þu du sa magus? ‘Are you answering the boy?’

Rule #10: Conjunctions

When you subordinate a sentence, the word order does not change. You can use these conjunctions. But since Gothic sentence constructions were rather complex or served another register than everyday speech, you can adjust their usage to what you know from your native language.

*List of conjunction*	English	Guteranto
	aiþþau	or
	ak	but
	andizuh … aiþþau	either … or
	auk	because
	ei, þatei	that
	ƕaiwa	how
	ibai	lest, that … not
	iþ, þan, aþþan	but, however
	jabai	if
	jah	and, also
	jah … jah …	both … and
	jaþþe … jaþþe	whether … or …
	nibai	unless, if not
	nih	and not
	nih … ak jah	not only … but only
	sunsei	as soon as
	swaei, swaswe	so that
	swe	as, just as (temporal, comparative)
	þan	then
	þannu	therefore
	unte	for, because, until

Rule #11: Borrowing words

Since classical Gothic died out many, many years ago, newer terms were never coined and many other words were never documented. Attempts are done to reconstruct words, other try to coin terms for modern things like ‘computer’ garahnja. People want to start speaking Gothic/Guteranto fast and take part in a conversation, so it should be normal to borrow words from another language spontaneously and implement them in Guteranto. When the conversation is international, this should be done from English, when the conversation is in another language, that one can be used. The orthography should represent the sounds from that language and the words should be fitted to the grammar of Guteranto. If you don’t know the word for ‘skateboard’ which probably hasn’t been coined yet, you can simply insert it spontaneously as sketbaurd and be understood. If you don’t know the word for ‘to jump’ you can borrow it as dsjumpan, leading to a sentence like: Ik ana sketbaurd dsjumpan wilja ‘I want to jump on the skateboard.’ The maxim should still always be to learn as many Gothic words, be they classical or newly coined, to implement into Guteranto. But borrowing words uncomplicatedly should be a practical way to make yourself understood quickly and have a conversation with people in Gothic/Guteranto.

Rule #11:

Translation of the Lord’s Prayer into Guteranto:

In classical Gothic:

atta unsar þu in himinam

weihnai namo þein

qimai þiudinassus þeins

wairþai wilja þeins

swe in himina jah ana airþai

hlaif unsarana þana sinteinan gif uns himma daga

jah aflet uns þatei skulans sijaima

swaswe jah weis afletam þaim skulam unsaraim

jah ni briggais uns in fraistubnjai

ak lausei uns af þamma ubilin

unte þeina ist þiudangardi jah mahts

jah wulþus in aiwins

In Guteranto 1.0:

atta unsar þu in himins

namo þein weihnoþ wisan maga

þiudinassus þein qiman maga

wilja þein wairþan maga

swe in himins jah ana airþa.

hlaifs sintein unsar gib uns himma daga.

jah aflet uns þaiei weis skulans wisa.

swaswe jah weis skulans unsar afleta

jah ni brigg uns in fraistubni

ak lausei uns af sa ubils.

unte þein wisa þiudangardi jah mahts

jah wulþus in aiwos.

In Guteranto 2.0: